在埃塞俄比亚花部门的性别商业案例

在全球层面,有充足且越来越多的证据表明,投资女性劳动力(适用性别敏感政策和实践;尊重人权和非歧视;促进教育,培训和妇女的专业发展等)与商业优先事项良好。

自2014年以来,埃塞俄比亚园艺生产者和出口商协会(EHPEA)、IDH、花卉可持续发展倡议(FSI)和BSR对埃塞俄比亚花卉农场的性别干预进行了投资,取得了令人鼓舞的成果。

This report presents the findings and analysis of a Gender Business case evaluation in the Ethiopian flower sector. The research was conducted byFair & Sustainable Consultingin close collaboration with IDH,FSI.BSR.EHPEA,并得到ICCO公司。

埃塞俄比亚园艺生产商和出口商协会(EHPEA),IDH,可持续贸易倡议,粮花植物可持续发展倡议和社会责任的业务已经投入了在授权源事程中的埃塞俄比manbetx万博靠谱吗亚花卉农场的性别干预措施。

2014年12月至2016年1月,在26个试点农场实施了“授权源1”试点项目,自2017年1月起,第二个(2年)项目“授权来源2”正在进行,为12个试点农场和30个新农场提供进一步支持。

授权源计划include two levels of support to flower companies: strengthening workplace systems (e.g. HR policy, establishing a gender committee) and building capacities and supporting worker’s needs on various topics.

  1. Right of young mothers for at least one-hour breastfeeding time per day
  2. Increased awareness on gender sexual harassment, reproductive health, contraceptives and safety
  3. 产假从3个月增加到4个月
  4. Reduction of reported cases of gender based violence, after a first rise
  5. 增强女性的自信心,提高谈判技巧
  6. Improved family planning, awareness on and use of contraceptives
  7. 实施性别政策和程序
  8. 更好地获得(农场拥有)诊所或医院的急救和医疗保健服务,以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识和测试增加
  9. 工人知道性别委员会(成员)s role much better
  10. 工作文化非常尊重。增加平等和尊重男女
  • Union, workers and standards requests
  • 农业管理决定改善工人的满意度并减少营业额
  • 设立性别委员会
  • Awareness raising and training by GC, NGO’s, Bureau of Labor and social affairs
  • Zero-tolerance: severe punishment by farm
  • 工人联盟,性别委员会和证书经纪人的谈判
  • 通过EHPEA项目提高对GBV和女性权利的认识
  • Increased confidence of women due to GC support
  • 农业资源政策和农场执法(EHPEA项目)
  • 企业领导/积极态度对性别平等,由于EHPEA培训,标准的要求和内在动机
  • GC关于性别和工人权利的意识提高和培训(由EHPEA和其他人提供)
  • EHPEA项目和管理意志
  • 管理和所有者的全部支持和主动沟通
  • Follow up from GC and supervision at the workplace
  • 公司领导性别平等和尊重所有工人
我们与我们的合作伙伴Fair&Sustainable Consulting一起进行了一项研究,以测试埃塞俄比亚花卉农场的性别干预措施是否能够让员工满意,从而提高企业绩效。在前面的章节中,我们重点介绍了所看到的10o变化。更详细的调查结果总结如下:

普遍认为,EHPEA项目的性别干预措施是相关和有效的。建立性别问题委员会,最好由男女成员组成,并培训农场管理人员和性别委员会,是具有积极影响的关键活动。制定的性别和人力资源政策的质量和完整性各不相同。

重大变化

  • 改善影响女性的劳动条件,例如:
    – allocation of breastfeeding time,
    - 产假
  • 改善了影响女性的健康和安全:
    –减少报告的基于性别的暴力案件。报告病例的最初上升可能与自信心的增强有关。4个农场的综合数据显示,2017年GBV病例数比2015年下降了32%。
    - 服装,保健
  • Improved gender relations and women friendly culture (awareness)
  • 增加女性的信心和技能
  • Improved relationship employees – management (through Gender Committee)
  • 改善妇女的地位和地位(获取收入和就业,社区地位)

Farm data show that the percentage of women in management positions increased from 26.3% to 36.7% (2013 to 2017), hence an increase of nearly 40%. Their total number more than doubled from 20 in 2013 (out of 76 total) to 44 in 2017 (out of 120).

A mix of gender interventions and other measures taken by the farms and undertaken by projects (EHPEA and others), as well as external factors, have contributed to the above mentioned changes.

关键原因

  • 农场所有者/管理对性别和工人的企业领导
  • 建立和加强性别委员会
  • 培训和意识提升性别问题,有效的性别人力资源政策
  • 增加了政府和国际舞台的性别相关问题的关注,包括标准制定组织。
  • The role of EHPEA, supporting NGOs and unions were also mentioned as drivers for change. Since late 2014 EHPEA and the two phases of the Empower the Source program, supported by expert advice from BSR, have played a pivotal role in supporting the farm management on gender equality activities.

其他结果

  • 虽然农场管理人员指出,农场在过去3 - 5年内推出了使用化学品和综合害虫管理的使用,但大量化学品的暴露仍然高度传闻,在工人和周围社区之间创造了紧张局势。
  • 安全布和安全工具的使用有所改善(MSCs之一),但也有报道称,部分年轻男性工人认为个人防护装备(PPE)不时尚,太热,不能在温室里穿。
  • Lack of sufficient budget may hamper motivated gender committees to fulfill their role and implement their annual plans.


关于研究

公平和可持续咨询是一家专业从事价值链分析和发展的咨询公司和社会企业。公平&可持续发展在农业价值链和CSR中的性别问题上有彻底的彻底经验:研究,为广泛客户的工具和培训开发,包括IDH,GIZ,粮农组织,ICCO,霍瓦斯和Agriprofocus。

2018年2月至2018年2月,公平咨询(荷兰)和可持续埃塞俄比亚(Ayalew Abebe,Jingwei Ling和Jochem Schneemann(团队领导者)的公平和可持续咨询(荷兰)和可持续的埃塞俄比亚团队进行了性别的业务案例研究。2018年5月。

At some farms the labor productivity increased, due to the introduction of productivity bonuses and external factors (crop, weather etc). Staff turnover and absenteeism were mainly influenced by the unstable situation in the country, alternative income options, and absence of childcare. Hence we did not find a direct correlation between gender interventions and the selected business indicators.
However our study did find positive results for workers, the majority women, such as: improved relationships among workers (f/m) and with management, more satisfied and motivated workers, more healthy workers, reduced number of reported and resolved gender based violence cases, and more women in management positions. These changes indicate improved job satisfaction, which, according to our hypothesis, leads to improved business performance and ultimately increased company profits. This is confirmed by most farm owners and managers who stated that the (gender) investments pay off, and most see gender interventions as rational and necessary for them to stay in business, not in the last place because the majority (up to 80%) of their workers is female.

What farms can do

  • Endorse the UN Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs), and use these as a guide for action
  • 进一步完善和补充其性别敏感的人力资源政策,申诉程序和政策以及措施,以减少基于性别的暴力,并确保所需的预算
  • 有一个混合的女性/男性组成的性别委员会
  • 为女性温室工作人员制定机会,在农作物监测,收获等温室中为其工作赚取大量奖励,这是最终产品质量的关键
  • 探索如何为母亲建立日托设施,因为这将提高产妇的满意度和产假后的回报率
  • Communicate in and off farm about Integrated Pest Management and the (reduced) use and effects of chemical pesticides, including effects on reproductive health
  • Explore further how to ensure the consistent use of Personal Protection Equipment
  • Drinking water: collaborate with specialized actors to enhance the year-round adequate access to clean drinking water at the farm and in surrounding communities

What supporting organizations can do

  • 促进农场之间的交流和学习(工作人员,性别委员会和经理层面)
  • 支持改进对性别问题敏感的人力资源政策文件及其实施
  • 与农场制定一个部门战略,以便在劳动者和周围社区进行积极沟通,关于减少化学杀虫剂的使用,并整合害虫管理(IPM)实践
  • 制定性别分列的数据收集系统,以一致的方式记录和监测性别干预的成本和效果/益处;因此,为学习和改进产生相关的管理信息。

IDH和FSI以及他们的性别工作组的合作伙伴将开发一个关键指标列表,以跟踪和监控随时间的变化。这些指标由促进两性平等的公司建议,并有助于沟通该领域所努力和达到的结果。

By doing this, IDH aims to support individual companies and the sector itself to monitor progress over time, quantify investments and document results reached with the ultimate goal of proving the business case for companies to invest in the empowerment of women.

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